He continued independent creative ventures into his 90s until his death in 2018. In the 1980s he pursued the development of Marvel properties in other media, with mixed results.įollowing his retirement from Marvel in the 1990s, Lee remained a public figurehead for the company, and frequently made cameo appearances in films and television shows based on Marvel characters on which he received an executive producer credit, which allowed him to become the highest-grossing person in film of all time by a large margin. These and other characters' introductions in the 1960s pioneered a more naturalistic approach in superhero comics, and in the 1970s Lee challenged the restrictions of the Comics Code Authority, indirectly leading to changes in its policies. In collaboration with others at Marvel-particularly co-writers/artists Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko-he co-created iconic characters, including superheroes Spider-Man, the X-Men, Iron Man, Thor, the Hulk, Ant-Man, the Wasp, the Fantastic Four, Black Panther, Daredevil, Doctor Strange, the Scarlet Witch, and Black Widow. He was the primary creative leader for two decades, leading its expansion from a small division of a publishing house to a multimedia corporation that dominated the comics and film industries. He rose through the ranks of a family-run business called Timely Comics which would later become Marvel Comics. Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber / ˈ l iː b ər/ December 28, 1922 – November 12, 2018) was an American comic book writer, editor, publisher, and producer.
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